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How to Use Oleo This is all the documentation there is at the moment. I hope that this documentation is complete, (if not readable), but there may be omissions. Use the Source, and be sure to send me mail about anything you find unclear. Oleo currently runs under 4.3BSD, HP-UX 7.0, and MS-DOS (3.3 with Turbo C 2.0). It should work on a SysV system, but may need some tweaking. (I don't have easy access to SysV machines, so it does not get well tested on them.) Oleo uses curses under BSD and SysV, and requires that standout mode be reverse-video, or some other mode where standout blanks are visually distinguishable from non-standout blanks. (If this is not the case, you will have a hard time telling where the cell cursor is.) (Modifying it to try to explicitly use reverse-video on SysV machines should not be too hard. I'd appreciate it if someone would send me the patch to do that.) Detailed instructions for compiling and installing oleo are in the file INSTALL. Send bug reports, comments, patches, etc to hack@gnu.ai.mit.edu This document probably assumes you know a fair amount about how spreadsheets work. Please let me know which parts should be clarified, and what new sections should be added. Cell references: Case of cell and range letters is ignored. Lowercase letters in cell and range letters are silently turned into their uppercase equivelents. Absolute vs Relative references: A reference to a cell may be either absolute or relative. The only difference between them (besides how they are printed) is how they are adjusted when a cell is moved or copied. When an expression containing an absolute reference is moved or copied, the reference will still point to the same cell. When an expression containing a relative reference is moved or copied, the reference is changed to point to the cell at the same offset from the reference's new position. So if the expression 'R[+1]C[+1]' is in cell R8C9 it refers to cell R9C10. If the same expression is copied into cell R1C1 it will refer to R2C2. With -DA0_REFS: Relative cell reference have the form {col_let}{row_num}, as in A1 (the topleft cell in the sheet). Absolute ones have the form ${col_let}${row_num}, as in $A$1 (The topleft cell in the sheet). Mixed-mode ones work about the way you'd expect, with $A1 having an absolute column, but a relative row. . . Ranges are either {cell_ref}:{cell_ref} or {cell_ref}.{cell_ref}, where the cell_refs describe opposite corners of the range. So A1:B2 is the topmost, leftmost four cells in the spreadsheet. Mixed mode rangers work, and have the syntax you'd expect. Without -DA0_REFS: (the default) Absolute cell references have the form R{row_num}C{col_num}, as in R1C1 (the topleft cell in the sheet). Relative ones have the form R[{offset}]C[{offset}], as in R[-1]C[+1] (The cell above and to the right of the current cell). An offset of zero, can be deleted, along with its square-brackets, as in RC[+1] (the cell to the right of the current cell.) Mixed-mode references also work about the same as you'd expect, as in R4C[-1] (the cell in row four that's one left of the current cell.) Ranges are of the form R{row1}:{row2}C{col1}:{col2}, where the row and column references may be either absolute or relative. If {row2}=={row1} or {col2}=={col1}, the colon and the redundant number may be omitted, as in R1:10c2 (Rows one through ten in column two). Mixed-mode rangers work, and have the syntax you'd expect, as in R2:[-1]c3. Keymaps: Oleo normally has five keymaps. They are: main The main command loop. meta The main command loop commands that are prefixed with ESCape. edit Reading input text. edit-meta Input text commands that are prefixed with ESCape. ansi The ansi arrow keys. digit Reading in a number to repeat a command. Keymaps may have a 'default map'. If a key is pressed which does not have an assigned meaning in that map, the map's default map is checked, and that map's default map, until a command is found or there are no more default maps to scan. The edit map defaults to the main map, and the edit-meta map defaults to the meta map. Input Editing: When the spreadsheet is reading text input, you can use a few text-editing commands. (Oleo doesn't currently use the readline() library; It may later, when the readline library has a better programmer and display interface.) Note that there in no history mechanism and no yank command. If you accidentally ^U your text, it is *gone*. The following editing commands are defined: Name: Key: What it does: M-A insert-abs-ref Insert/over-write an absolute reference to the current cell/region. M-R insert-rel-ref Insert/over-write a relative reference to the current cell/region. M-E insert-cell-expression Insert/over-write the expression in the current cell. M-V insert-cell-value Insert/over-write the value of the current cell. ^A cursor-begin-line Move the cursor to the beginning of the text. ^B cursor-back-char Move the cursor back a character. M-B cursor-back-word Move back a word. ^D delete-next-char Delete the character under the cursor. M-D delete-next-word Delete from the cursor to the end of the current word. ^E cursor-end-line Move to the end of the text. ^F cursor-fwd-charF Move forward a character. M-F cursor-fwd-word Move forward a word. ^H ^? delete-prev-char Delete the character to the left of the cursor. ^J ^M finish-line Finish editing the text, and execute the command you've been typing the text in for. ^K delete-to-end Delete from the cursor to the end of the text. M-O toggle-over-write Toggle between overwrite and insert mode. ^U ^X delete-to-start (BEWARE!) Deletes from the cursor to the beginning of the line. ^W delete-prev-word Delete the word to the left of the cursor. ' ' to ~ self-insert These characters are either inserted or over-written into the text. Input Defaults: Almost all editing commands remember what you typed the last time you used that command, and start you up editing a copy of that text. If you want to type in something completely new, just type ^X (or ^U) and type in your new text. Horizontal scrolling: Since formula, etc may easily be longer than the width of the screen, oleo automatically uses horizontal scrolling whenever the cursor would get too near to either end of the screen. Error Messages: Error messages are displayed on the input line. If oleo needs to display more than one error message at a time, it will display [MORE] at the end of the first msg, and will wait for you to type a key before displaying the next one. Oleo will also display the [MORE] message if you are entering text in the input line, so that you will be able to see the error message. Oleo may still sometimes clear the screen before you can read an error message. This is probably a bug. Info Messages: Some commands (like format-cell) occasionally display non-error information. If the status line is enabled, the message is displayed there, and subsequent non-error messages will over-write them without [MORE] prompting. This in quite useful if the msg in question concerns how far oleo has gotten through some task (like reading a file). If the status line is disabled, the messages are displayed in the input line. The Main Commands: Key Command Name What it does h ^B go-left These commands move the cell-cursor one cell j ^N go-down in the appropriate direction. k ^P go-up l ^F go-right y go-upleft u go-upright b go-downleft n go-downright H scroll-left These scroll the current window one screenful J scroll-down in the appropriate direction. They try to K scroll-up leave the cell cursor in (roughly the same L scroll-right place in the window, so that an L followed by Y scroll-upleft an H will leave the cell cursor back in the U scroll-upright original cell, however, since the number of B scroll-downleft rows and columns in each screenful varies, N scroll-downright this will not always work. M-H scan-left These commands move to the first/last nonempty cell in M-J scan-down the current row/column. If given a repeat count, they M-K scan-up go to the N-th most nonempty cell. If there are no M-L scan-right cells, the cursor is moved to the leftmost/top cell. ^G break This will abort a partially completed command. If you are typing text on the top line, the text you typed will be saved and presented as the default the next time you start that command. ^L recenter-window This redraws the screen. If the page option is not set in this window, it will try to move the current cell to the center of the window. If the page option is set, this will just redraw the screen. o set-option This asks for an option to set or reset, and tries to do so. d set-defaults This command will change the default alignment, format, protection, or width. If the status-line is enabled, this will display the current settings there. Q quit This command exits the spreadsheet and returns you to the shell. This may ask for confirmation if oleo thinks you have unsaved changes. If you do not save your changes before quitting, they will be lost forever. ^R redraw-screen This redraws the screen. It is most useful if line-noise or another program has scribbled on your display. M-U set-user-format Set a user-defined format. v set-variable This prompts you for a name followed by a cell or range that you want to refer to by that name. To 'undefine' a variable, use set-variable with just its name. Note that if -DA0_REFS is not used, creating a variable with the same name as a formula function will prevent you from using that function. V show-variable ^V show-all-variables This shows the values of all currently defined variables. ! recalculate Recalculate the spreadsheet until all the cells whose values may have changed have been evaluated. If there are circular cell references, the cells in the loop will be evaluated at most 40 times (this number subject to change!) : bind-command This asks for the name of a keymap followed by a command name and a key to bind it to. If the 'command' you give is a cell or region in the spreadsheet, it is taken as a macro, and bound to the key you specify. ; describe-key Have the user press a key, and then describe what function that key is bound to. M-< read-commands This command opens the file you specify reads in each line, and executes them as if you'd typed them in to execute-command. If any command needs more arguments than are included on the line, it will prompt you (interactively) for the missing information. M-> write-keys Write a list of commands to the file that, when executed with read-commands, will return the keymaps to their current state. w write-file Save the spreadsheet to a file, using the current file-format. r read-file Read in a file in the current file-format. This erases the current contents of the spreadsheet first. This may ask for confirmation. R read-merge Read in a file and merge its contents into the current spreadsheet. Note that some file-formats, (like panic-save) won't work with this command. ^X clear-spreadsheet Delete the entire spreadsheet. This may ask for confirmation if oleo thinks you may be about to lose un-saved work. c copy-region Copy a region. Takes two ranges, copies the source range into the dest range. If the dest range size is a multiple of the source range size, the source range is copied multiple times. If the dest range is given as a cell, the cell is the location of the top-left corner of the dest range. C copy-values-in-region Copy just the values of one region to another. F format-region Change the format, alignment, protection, or width of a region. If the status line is active, oleo will display the current alignment, format, width and protection of the top-left cell in the region. m move-region This is similar to copy-region, except that the two ranges must be the same size, and that cells that reference the source region may be modified to reference the dest region instead. (absolute references are modified, relative ones aren't.) Variables whose ranges are inside the source region are also adjusted. p print-region Print a region to a file. Asks for a region (to print) and a filename to to write to. s sort-region Sort a region. This takes the region to sort, a region that is the first element of the region, and a list of cells that are to be used as the sorting-keys. Here's an example. sort-region r1:100c1:10 r1:2c1:10 +r1c2 -r1c3 This means: Sort the region R1:100C1:10 in two-row, ten-column chunks, sorting on the cell that's in the top-row one-column-in. If they are similar, use the cell in the top-row two-columns-in, with high values ending up before low ones. W write-region-to-file Write a region of the spreadsheet to a file. This command is not allowed with some file-formats (like panic-save). X delete-region Delete {value, formula, format, etc} of a region. This DOES NOT ask for confirmation. M-( start-entering-macro Start storing a keyboard macro. Keyboard macros are strings that contain the characters you typed. M-) stop-entering-macro Finish a keyboard macro, and store it in a cell that you specify. M-X execute-command This will allow you to execute either a builtin command, or a macro. For a builtin command, simply enter the command's name (and, optionally, any arguments the command will want). For a macro, enter its name, or the region in the spreadsheet that contains it. You can create macros with text strings. Command names may be enclosed in {CMD}, as in {go-left}. Some commands may take arguments, as in {go-up 12} or {goto-cell r1c3}. To execute multiple commands, concatenate them. Other characters are taken as keystrokes, and act exactly as if you had typed them. When the spreadsheet is executing a macro, it stops when 1) It encounters an empty cell, or one which is not a string, or which is the empty string "". 2) an error occurs while trying to parse a command name, or a command's arguments. 3) All the cells in the region have been executed. The top-left cell in a region is executed first, then the one below it, down to the bottom cell in the macro, then the one to the right of the top-left cell, down to the bottom cell in that column, etc. . . Macros may execute other macros. g goto-cell Asks for a cell to go to, and moves the cell cursor there. The cell can be either a cell name as in 'R32C96', or a variable. This command starts with a default of wherever the cursor was the last time this command was used. If you type a range, the cursor is placed in the top-left corner of the range, and the cell-mark is placed at the opposite corner of the region. ^@ mark-cell Mark one corner of a rectangular region to use for the next command. (The cell cursor marks the other corner.) You can use this while a command is prompting you for a region by moving to one corner, typing ^@, moving to the other corner, and hitting <RETURN>. e edit-cell Edit the formula of the current cell. E edit-value-cell Edit the value of the current cell. Using this command will replace the current cell's formula with a constant expression. f format-cell Change the format, alignment, or protection of the current cell, or the width of the current column. If the status line is enabled, the current alignment, format, protection, and width will be displayed there. x delete-cell This deletes the (value, formula, format, etc) of the current cell. To delete just the value and formula, use <space><return>. = edit-cell-with-default Enter a formula for the current cell with the default text of the last formula you typed. M-0 digit-0 Repeat the next command [digits] times. M-1 digit-1 You can type multiple digits, as in M-2 digit-2 M-1 0 0 j M-3 digit-3 which will go down 100 cells. This command uses the M-4 digit-4 digit-map so that you the second and subsequent digits M-5 digit-5 do not need to be meta-ized. M-6 digit-6 M-7 digit-7 M-8 digit-8 M-9 digit-9 0-9 enter-text-in-cell Enter a new formula that begins with the character typed. Note that this blows away whatever was saved as a default from the last time you entered a formula. O show-options This shows the current state of all the spreadsheet options, and also shows the current definitions for all the user-defined variables. M-W open-window This command takes a line beginning with the letter 'h' (for horizontal), or 'v' (for vertical), followed by the number of lines/columns to leave in the current window. The cell cursor is placed in the new window. M-C close-window This takes the number of a window to close, and makes it go away. The surrounding window(s) expand to fill the space the window occupied. M-G goto-window This takes the number of a window to go to, and places the cell-cursor in that window. M-C-D debug This command may be used by wizards to examine the internal structure of spreadsheet objects. This is very useful for debugging oleo. ^[ meta-map The escape key is used to invoke commands that are bound to keys in the meta-map. M-[ ansi-map This keymap handles the escape sequences produced by most (all) ansi arrow keys. If your keyboard produces something different, you will have to modify the keymaps in order for them to work. You may want to add other commands to this keymap so that the function keys on your keyboard will also do something useful. others unbound Complain. Displaying Cell Contents: If a cell contains a number or string that takes more characters than the width of the cell to display, the display may slop over into the cell(s) to the right. This does not affect the slopped over cells in any way. Only cells that are empty, or have their format set to hidden, will be slopped over. If there isn't room to display a number, a series of '#', will appear in the cell. If there isn't room to display any other value, only the characters that fit (less one, so there'll be a space separating cells) will be displayed. Numeric formats: Oleo can display numbers in a variety of formats. In addition to the sixteen user-defined formats, you can use: integer The number is rounded to an integer before being displayed. float The number is displayed in normal, everyday notation, using whatever precision is needed (or fits). hidden The number is not displayed. It is recalculated, etc as normal, but the cell is displayed as if it were empty. graph The number is displayed as a small graph. If the number is close to zero, it will be displayed as '0', If it is positive, a row of '+'-es is displayed. If it is negative, a row of '-'-es is displayed. The following formats require a precision. The precision may be a number from zero to 14, in which case that number of digits will always be displayed after the decimal point (zero-padding or rounding the number as needed), or the precision may be 'float', in which case oleo will use as many digits as necessary. general This uses either normal or scientific notation, depending on the magnitude of the number and the width of the column. dollar Positive values are preceeded by '$', (so 3 is displayed as '$3'). Negative values are parenthasized (so -3 is displayed as '($3)'), and all large values have a ',' every three digits (so 1000 is displayed as '$1,000'. comma Positive numbers are not preceede by '$', but this is otherwise identical to 'dollar'. percent The value is multiplied by 100, and is displayed with a trailing '%'. Thus .01 displays as '1%', while 1 displays as '100%'. fixed The number is displayed in normal, everyday notation, using the precision specified. 'fixed.float' is the same as 'float'. exponent The number is displayed in scientific notation. User-defined numeric formats: You can set up to sixteen user-defined numeric formats: The current parts of a format are: Example: What it is: $ What to print before postive numbers. ( What to print before negative numbers. What to print after positive numbers. ) What to print after negative numbers. $0 What to print if the number is zero. , What to print between the thousands and the hundreds, etc. . What to print for a decimal point. 0-14 or float The number of digits to print after the decimal point. 'float' means use however many digits are needed, or however many will fit, whichever is less. . . any-number What to multiply the value by before printing. Most often this will be one, but it might be 100 if you're printing percentages, or .000001 if you're printing in megabucks. (Beware of overflow!) Avoid using digits for the headers, trailers, the comma, or the decimal point symbol. Using digits will confuse the internal routines and produce incomprehensible results. . . Other Cell Formatting Options: Values in a cell may be displayed aligned flush with either the left or right edges of the cell, or centered in the cell. The default is left-aligned. The width of a column of cells may be set to any non-negative value. A value of zero means that cells in that column won't be displayed, and the normal cursor-motion commands will skip over those cells. However, you can position the cursor on a non-displayed cell by using the goto-cell command. If the width of a column is wider than the display, it is displayed as if it were the width of the display. Currently Supported Options: (no)auto In auto mode, cells whose values may have chaged are automatically recalculated. In noauto mode, cells are only recalculated when the recalculate command is used. (no)background In background mode, automatic recalculation is done while (no)bkgrnd the spreadsheet waits for you to type a key (and stops while the key is being handled). In nobackground mode, oleo performs all its recalculation before listening for keystrokes. . . (no)backup In backup mode, whenever the spreadsheet writes out a file, if the file already exists, a backup copy is made (like emacs). (no)bkup_copy In nobackup mode bkup_copy is ignored. In bkup_copy mode, backup files are made by copying the original file, instead of renaming it. ticks (number) This value controls how often should rnd(), cell(), my(), curcell(), etc cells get updated. This value is in seconds (???). The initial value is 10 seconds. print (number) This is the width of the page for the print command. The initial value is the width of the screen. file (format-name) If -DUSE_DLD was defined, format-name may be any .o file that contains definitions for the appropriate functions, or 'panic', which is the only file format that oleo will have compiled into it. If -DUSE_DLD was not defined, format-name must be one of sylk, sc, panic, or list, and oleo will have to be re-compiled before any other formats may be used. load (file-name) This option is only avaliable if oleo was compiled with -DUSE_DLD. This option loads in a .o file of spreadsheet functions, keyboard commands, and/or keymaps. Spreadsheet functions and keyboard commands must be loaded in before they can be used in expressiond or bound to keys. status (number) This option controls which line on the screen is used for displaying the status of the current cell. The number may be positive, (counting down from the top), negative (counting up from the bottom, or zero (disabling the status line). input (number) This option controls which line on the screen is used for reading lines of text. The number may be positive (counting down from the top), or negative (counting up from the bottom), but not zero. The following options affect the currently active window: (no)page Basically, in page mode, whenever a paticular cell is displayed in the window, it will always be in the same location on the screen. In page mode, the recenter command acts just like the redraw-screen command. (no)pageh These options turns on or off page mode only in (no)pagev the horizontal or vertical axis. link (wnum) This option 'links' the current window with the one specified. A window may only be linked to one other window at a time. When a window is linked to another one, whenever the cell cursor in the first window is moved, the cursor in the other window moves as well. (unless the cursor in other window is locked from moving in that diretion.) (Should linking to a window force that window to link back? That might make life easier for naive users.) nolink This removes the link (if any) on the current window. unlink (no)lockh These options prevent the cell cursor in the current window (no)lockv from moving in the horizontal or vertical direction, but only when the cell cursor is moved in a window that this one is linked. (no)edges In edges mode oleo displays Row and Column numbers at the top and left edges of the window. Perhaps edges should be split into edgeh and edgev? (no)standout In standout mode, the edges (see (no)edges) are drawn in standout mode (reverse video, usually). row n Moves the cell cursor to row n. This is obsolescent, and may go away. col n Moves the cell cursor to column n. This is obsolescent and may go away. Options supported by the list file format: list ch Use the character CH to separate the cell values. File names: If a file name begins with a '|', the rest of the name is taken as a command, which oleo opens a pipe to. So you can use the name '|zcat file.Z' to read a compressed spreadsheed, or '|compress > file.Z' to write one. Formulae: Numbers must be entered in 'general' format: [-]digits[.digits][e[-]digits] Strings are entered surrounded by double-quotes. To include unusual characters, you can either use \char (works well for ") or use \nnn where nnn is the octal code for the character you want to include. Magic constants: Note that oleo automatically converts the names of constants to upper case, but they can be entered in any case. #TRUE The logical TRUE value #FALSE The logical FALSE value #ERROR Various error types. #BAD_INPUT #NON_NUMBER #NON_STRING #NON_BOOL #NON_RANGE #OUT_OF_RANGE #NO_VALUES #DIV_BY_ZERO #BAD_NAME #NOT_AVAIL #PARSE_ERROR #NEED_OPEN #NEED_CLOSE #NEED_QUOTE #UNK_CHAR #UNK_FUNC #INF Various trancendental values. On some machines, #INFINITY (like the vax), these may all be the same value. #NAN #NOT_A_NUMBER #NINF #MINUS_INFINITY Infix functions: str1 & str2 Text concatination. val1 = val2 #TRUE if val1 and val2 can be considered equal. #FALSE otherwise val1 != val2 Equivelent to !(val1=val2) num1 >= num2 ... num1 > num2 ... num1 < num2 ... num1 <= num2 ... int1 % int2 Modulus Note that these functions are num1 ^ num2 Exponentiaton not as good as they should be num1 * num2 Multiplication at detecting overflow. There num1 / num2 Division *IS* code that should force num1 + num2 Addition INT type expressions to become num1 - num2 Subtraction FLOAT, if the result wouldn't fit in an INT. . . ( val ) (To override default precedence) Note that since oleo stores expressions in a byte-compiled form, excess parens will mysteriously vanish. - num 0-num ! bool #TRUE if bool is #FALSE #FALSE if bool is #TRUE, error otherwise. bool ? val1 : val2 if(bool==#TRUE) evaluate val1 else if(bool!=#FALSE) error... else evaluate val2. Prefix functions: Note that if oleo is compiled with -DA0_REFS, all of these functions have an '@' prepended to their names. if(bool,val1,val2) if(test==#TRUE) evaluate val1 else if(test!=#FALSE) error... else evaluate val2. and(bool1,bool2) if(val1==#FALSE) #FALSE else if(val1!=#TRUE) error... else val2; or(bool1,bool2) if(val1==#TRUE) #TRUE else if(val1!=#FALSE) error... else val2; pi() 3.14159265358979326848 row() The row number of the cell the expression is in. col() The column number of the cell the expression is in. now() The current time in seconds since Jan 1 1970 (?) abs(num) The absolute value of num. acos(num) The arc-cosine of num (num in radians) asin(num) The arc-sine of num (num in radians) atan(num) The arc-tangent of num (in radians) int(num) Convert to integer (toward zero) ceil(num) Convert to integer (round up) floor(num) Convert to integer (round down) cos(num) The cosine of num (in radians) dtr(num) num degrees in radians exp(num) The exponential function of num log(num) The natural log of num log10(num) The log of num to base 10 rtd(num) num radians in degrees sin(num) The sine (in radians) of num sqrt(num) The square-root of num tan(num) The tangent (in radians) of num rnd(num) A random number from 0 to num-1 negate(num) 0-num not(bool) #TRUE if bool is #FALSE #FALSE if bool is #TRUE, error otherwise. iserr(val) #TRUE if the expression is an error else #FALSE isnum(val) #TRUE if the expression is a number, or can be automatically converted into a number, thus isnum("12") is #TRUE, while isnum("12 ") is #FALSE. (This might be worth fixing.) rows(rng) number of rows in rng. cols(rng) number of columns in rng. ctime(num) Convert num into a readable date/time string. atan2(num1,num2) Two number arctangent hypot(num1,num2) use man 2 hypot fixed(num1,num2) num1 rounded to num2 decimal places index(rng,int) the contents of the int-th cell in rng. index(rng,num1,num2) The contents of the int1-th down and int2-th over cell in rng oneof(int,val1,val2,val3...) switch(int) { case 1: val1; case 2: val2; ... default: error; } For the following functions, arguments that are ranges are scanned for numeric values only. Strings, error values, empty cells, etc, are ignored. Strings, etc, that are explicitly given to the functions are subjected to the usual conversion. sum(vr1...) ... prod(vr1...) ... avg(vr1...) ... std(vr1...) The SAMPLE standard deviation. To get the population standard deviation, use sqrt(var(...)) max(vr1...) ... min(vr1...) ... cnt(vr1...) The number of numeric values found. var(vr1...) The POPULATION variance. To get the sample variance, use std(...)^2 These functions are in the 'string' package. If oleo is compiled with -DUSE_DLD, the string package must be loaded before these functions can be used. If a spreadsheet that uses these functions is loaded before the string package is loaded, things will fail (silently!) (This is probably a bug. len(str) length of string in characters. strupr(str) string converted to upper case strlwr(str) string converted to lower case strcap(str) string with each word capitalized. trim(str) string with extra spaces and non-ascii chars removed. find(str1,str2,int) return the location where str2 appears in str1, start looking at character #int substr(int1,int2,str) The characters in string from position int1 to position int2. Positions can be either positive (First character is #1, last char is #(length of string)) or negative(last character is #-1, first character is #-(length of string)). mid(str,int1,int2) The characters in string from int1 (counting from the beginning) continuing for int2 chars. edit(str,int1,int2,...) Remove the text from int1 to int2 in string and replace it with ... (zero or more strings) int1 and int2 are like for substr() above. repeat(int,str) str repeated int times, thus repeat(2,"foo") returns "foofoo" concat(vr1,...) Concatinate strings, ranges, etc. These functions are in the 'cells' package. If oleo is compiled with -DUSE_DLD, the cells package must be loaded before these functions can be used. my(str) String: Returns: row row() column col() lock "locked" or "unlocked" protection ditto justify "left" "right" "center" or "default" alignment ditto format "default" "user-1" etc. fmt ditto. type "error", "boolean", "float", "integer", "null", "Unknown", etc. formula A string of the cell's current formula. value The cells current value. anything-else error--> #BAD_INPUT curcell(str) Like my(), but for the cell under the cell-cursor in the current window. cell(int1,int2,str) Like my(), but for the cell at Rint1Cint2. member(rng,val) The number of the first cell in RNG that contains VAL, or zero if no cells contain it. These next four functions could probably be replaced by a pair of smart regex routines. . . smember(rng,str) The number of the first cell in RNG that contains a substring of STR, or zero if no cell contains one. members(rng,str) The number of the first cell in RNG whose value is a substring of STR. pmember(rng,str) The number of the first cell in RNG whose value equals the first few characters of STR. memberp(rng,str) The number of the first cell in RNG whose value starts with STR. hlookup(rng,num,int) Scan through the top row of RANGE looking for a number which is greater than NUM. Then return the value in the cell that is INT rows down from the top of the range. vlookup(rng,num,int) Like hlookup, but scans the left column and returns the value in the cell that is INT columns over from the left edge of the range. These functions are in the 'busi' package. If oleo is compiled with -DUSE_DLD, the busi package must be loaded before these functions can be used. pmt(p,r,t) Payment for a loan of $P at rate R for T payments. . . pv(pmt,int,term) ... npv(rng,rate) irr(range,guess) fv(pmt,int,term) rate(fut,pres,term) term(pmt,int,fut) cterm(int,fut,pres) sln(cost,salvage,life) syd(cost,salvage,life,period) ddb(cost,salvage,life,period) anrate(pmt,pres,term) anterm(pmt,prin,rate) balance(prin,rate,term,period) paidint(prin,rate,term,period) kint(prin,rate,term,period) kprin(prin,rate,term,period) compbal(print,rate,term)